Obesity And The United States - 1960 Words

In the United States, more than one third of adults are obese. One in five American deaths are now associated with obesity. The prevalence of obesity has increased at an alarming rate in the USA: in 1960 only 13% of Americans were obese. Obesity has become an epidemic and the number of preventable deaths from obesity-related diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease continues to rise. Despite the well-documented association between obesity and significant morbidity and mortality the American administration has not taken many steps to combat this problem. There have been attempts by government to try and stem this epidemic, but the food industry is so wealthy and influential that policies against obesity are very†¦show more content†¦Another example of this is the fact that the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) entered into a partnership with Coca-Cola in 2009. After the official announcement of this agreement, 20 physicians resigned, and o ne stated â€Å"How can any organization, that claims to promote public health, join forces with a company that promotes products that put our children at risk. Not only do these major food companies, such as Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Kellogg’s, ect, have control over some of the research in this area, they also have major influence on government. This is a problem very similar to that of the tobacco industry in the 1900s: many studies showed a clear association between tobacco use and cancer, however these were denied for many years because of the power of the tobacco industry and and their influence on government. There are many parallels today with the large organizations that produce and sell processed food and drinks. An illustration of this is Michelle Obama’s â€Å"Let’s move† Campaign that was launched in February of 2010. During the first few months of this campaign, Michelle Obama was fighting hard against these large food industries. She stated â€Å"And we need you not just to tweak around the edges, but to entirely rethink the products that you re offering, theShow MoreRelatedObesity On The United States981 Words   |  4 Pagesis made home doesn’t mean is healthy. According to article â€Å"The state of obesity† by better policies of America more than one third of adults (34.9) are obese in the United States. But why is there so much obesity on the United States and who is there to blame? We can go ahead and blame the fast food restaurants or we can blame the people itself. In my opinion the individuals are the ones to blame for the obesity in the United States because they rather have fast and easy food even though it’s notRead MoreObesity And The United States1430 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to an article, â€Å"Obesity in Children†, published through the medicine health website, the issue on childhood obesity in the United States has increased within recent years. â€Å"Today, nearly a third of youths are overweight or obese. That’s more than 23 million children and teenagers,† (Childhood Obesity in the United States). Obesity can eve ntually lead to different and more serious health issues. Fast food restaurants attract the attention of our younger generation and are some of the mainRead MoreObesity : The United States1268 Words   |  6 PagesOctober, 2015 Obesity in America Over the past few decades, obesity rate has grown drastically in the United States. â€Å"A third of U.S. adults are obese† (Brady 519), placing them at a higher risk for diseases, and increased healthcare spending. It a preventable nutritional problem that affects people of all ages, gender and race, with minority groups and people of low socioeconomic status disproportionately affected. It is a multifaceted problem with many issues at its root. Obesity is the resultRead MoreObesity And The United States1265 Words   |  6 Pages Obesity in the United States has been a serious problem affecting Americans and has been continually growing higher in numbers each year. American obesity has nearly doubled within the last 40 years and is now considered to be an epidemic that is affecting millions of people around the nation. According to the National institute of Diabetes and digestive and kidney Diseases, 31% of men and 35% of women are considered seriously overweight, along with 15% of children between the ages of six and nineteenRead MoreObesity in the United States1115 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States today, obesity has become an enormous burden on both the health and healthcare of those affected. In the last 3 decades, the number of people overweight has increased dramatically. According to the Centers of Disease Control, as of 2013, 34.9% of our population is considered overweight or obese. America is the richest yet the fattest nation in the world, and our obese backsides are the butt of jokes in every other country (Klein, 1994). Obesity is defined as having excess bodyRead MoreObesity And The United States1317 Words   |  6 PagesObesity in the United States In today’s world, obesity rate has been increased significantly. Among 196 countries of the world, the Unites States is ranked 19th, and one third of the population in the U.S. have obesity. Reason that people care about how much population is obsessed is that it is â€Å"linked to many of the major causes of death in the United States, including heart disease, some types of cancer, strokes, diabetes, and atherosclerosis† (Himes 73). 19th of the world may not seem very highRead MoreObesity And The United States951 Words   |  4 PagesObesity in the United States Obesity is raging in the United States. America is the fattest country on this earth. It has become a major health concern. It is not only increasing at an alarming rate in adults, but also in children. The risk of obesity is serious; it can cause many problems in the body. In order to cut down on obesity, Americans need to be more aware of what they eat every day, make healthier choices, and get the proper amount of exercise and nutrition. In many cases obesity canRead MoreObesity And The United States973 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause is made home doesn’t mean is healthy. According to the article â€Å"The state of obesity† by better policies of America more than one third of adults (34.9) are obese in the United States. But why is there so much obesity in the United States and who is there to blame? We can go ahead and blame the fast food restaurants or we can blame the people itself. Individuals are the ones to blame for the obesity in the United States because they have this idea of eating fast and easy, but just cause is fastRead MoreObesity And The United States975 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is an issue that has been growing constantly in the United States. Due to the growing number of fast food restaurants and everything becoming more and more convenient to the human race, the population has been gaining an abundance of weight over the last several decades. The United States has the highest obes ity rate among all of the countries in the world. The rates of obesity for each individual state in the United States all exceed 20 percent (Adult Obesity). Gary Stocklaufer, was a marriedRead MoreObesity And The United States1334 Words   |  6 PagesObesity is an ongoing epidemic in our county and our world. Carrying around excess weight isn’t just uncomfortable, it also poses a variety of very serious health threats, such as heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, some cancers, osteoarthritis, and gout. Also some breathing problems, such as sleep apnea and asthma. My peers talked about the difference of being obese and overweight. The difference of the two is how your BMI ranges. BMI stands for body mass index meaning that your

Leadership Motivation Free Essays

Leadership is the process of motivating others to work to meet specific goals and objectives. â€Å"Leadership is deliberately causing people-driven actions in a planned fashion for the purpose of accomplishing the leader’s agenda† (Crosby 2). A leader motivates others to action. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus, it is the motivation of others and their actions that defines a successful leader. In other words, leadership is the art and science of getting others to perform and achieve a vision. Therefore, leadership is not only reflected in performance, no matter how good that performance is, but in accomplishment. As a leader one’s focus should be on accomplishing that leadership goals, whether in a personal, community or charitable, business, political, or industrial forum. In the business world, managers have a great responsibility of leading employees working under them. In order to achieve successful leadership, a leader or a manager should possess certain principles and essential skills. Leadership Principles, Objectives and Problems There are several principles a leader should follow to be successful. A few of the principles are as follows: The most important principle of leadership is ‘listening’. â€Å"A good leader is always an active listener† (Rausch, Washbush 143). Active listening shows that the leader cares, is interested and wants to be involved, enabling the n leader to benefit from the experience. The primary objective of a leader would be to adapt the principles of ‘listening’ into their own life. If the leader is not a good listener, then he/she should learn how to really listen. In addition to listening and carefully understanding what a team member is saying, leader should also make sure that every team member gets leader’s undivided attention (Normand, Jackson 111). Unfortunately, as a listener, leaders have their own problems to face with. Listeners frequently have too many sound and visual signals reaching them at the same time. It is difficult for the listener to pay attention to multiple speakers all at once. Also, there could be a number of other problems the leader could be facing in their own life. The leader as a listener will never listen with understanding until other matters are forgotten for the moment and attention is given to the speaker. Another problem involved with listening is the leader not being able to understand the words being spoken. Hearing what is being spoken is just a part of listening, but understanding some of the words could be tricky sometimes. To avoid problems involving listening, the listener should use good eye contact so that he/she can concentrate on the particular speaker. That helps the listener pay attention on the subject too. Leader should also learn the meaning of the words the speaker is using and if he is unable to understand, he needs to ask questions. This also lets the speaker know that the listener is unable to understand and the listener is paying attention. Planning is determining what you want to accomplish, working out beforehand how it is to be done, deciding who will responsible for each step, and having every phase written down. One of the leader’s objectives is to be able to appreciate the value of careful and complete planning. Good leader applies the steps of good planning to each part of life. The leader should visually plan the steps involved to reach a certain goal. For example, assume that an organizational agenda is â€Å"A return on assets of atleast 15 percent, revenues per employee over $155,000 annually, zero customer complaints, twenty new products†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Crosby 33). The first step is to separate the revenue-producing areas into those that are never going to reach that performance level, those that could with the correct investment of time or money, and those that are meeting it now. Things that can must replace those that cannot meet. This sort of planning is a regular part of leaders organizational life (33). The biggest problem with planning is it is time consuming and involves a lot of thought. In addition, it involved paperwork and other systematic procedures. Many people hate paperwork and following systematic procedures, which makes the planning process inefficient. To achieve good planning results without any problems, the leader should set a broad goal or objective and decide what form the project will take. Then develop a step-by-step course of action to completion (Lundy 13). Keeping all the other objectives in mind, the plan should then be put into effect while readjusting the plan as necessary. Most important of all the leadership principles is to be able to effectively manage time. The leader must determine not only how he will use his own time, but also how the group’s time will be used. Managing time effectively will allow the leader to achieve success, happiness and pride at the workforce. As a leader, personal time management is one of the chief objectives. At work place, the leader should manage meeting time more effectively. The leader should develop and follow his own personal plan for the effective use of time. Often times leaders find having trouble with managing time. Due to poor organization and lack of planning, time management becomes a tricky task. â€Å"Being unable to set the priorities will make time management process very ineffective and sometimes completely useless† (Washbush, Rausch 269). There are several ways to manage the group’s or organization’s time effectively. The leader should provide a job description to each person. To save more time, the leader should train or take key people further and commit to these key people when things need to be done immediately. These key people should be kept informed and the leader should have these key people take initiative to report back. The leader should utilize only the time needed for successful completion of the group project, event or activity. Every individual working in the team is important and every individual has varied talents and not to mention problems of their own. Knowing the person, understanding the person and identifying the strengths and needs of the individual are vital for the leader in order to be most effective with the person (Rausch, Washbush 233-235). Leader’s objective is to perform more effectively as a leader by getting to know and understand individual members of the group. Leader should be able identify the characteristics and needs of the members of a group. The leader should be able to look for and accept the strengths of each individual (Lundy 43-45). Getting to know a person is a very complex skill and there are several problems involved during this process. People are complex. An individual is like a mixed bag with different characteristics. Until many of the characteristics of an individual are identified, it is impossible to begin to know and understand that person. To overcome the problems of knowing a person, the leader should spend more time with his team members. The leader should make attempts to know the needs and characteristics of his team member and fellow employees. Every human being has need for love. If we love a person, we care for that person and we try not to hurt the person in any way. Love is expressed by doing things to strengthen, improve, support and defend the one loved. A good leader does what is morally and ethically right and does not abuse the management power or privileges he/she has over their sub-ordinates. A good leader loves and gives individual consideration, coaches, advises and gives help to those who need it. A good leader also treats newcomers with a lot of respect and love (Row). Leader should give love to each person he associates with. The primary objective is to overcome the fear as a leader by extablishing close feelings of love with the team members. â€Å"Leadership involves being as well as doing. Individual styles of leadership may be quite different, yet equally effective† (Lundy 76). As conditions and situations change, leaders need to change their styles of leadership. The challenge of the leader is not to follow one leadership style all the time, but to use the leadership style needed by his followers. Leaders should maintain the power or influence of their offices by being kind and knowledgeable. The primary objective of being the leader would be to recognize the qualities necessary for a leader to be successful. Leader should be able to recognize various leadership styles and understand when each would be appropriate. â€Å"Sometimes leader will have to follow their group member and in such situations the good leader will appreciate the leadership in other while serving the role of a follower†(Carlin). Leader often have trouble deciding what leadership style to be used at what given instance. Another problem with leaders is that some leaders tend to follow the same leadership principles all the time and this is not a good idea to tackle special situations. The leader must not consider himself locked into a style of leadership with any individual or group. To avoid problems leaders should always act accordingly and change leadership skills depending on the situation and need. At the same time leader should be confident enough to be able to deal with the new skills (Carlin). Every group needs a leader and the group’s performance depends on the leader either directly or indirectly. Whether it is a hospital, private practice, health maintenance organization, government facility, or university, or a business, they all need supervisors and leaders. The behavior as a manager has a direct impact on staff performance, productivity, satisfaction, and turnover. Proper Leadership skills are highly essential for a manager as well as the company or organization to become successful. The leadership principles mentioned in this paper are just a simple guideline for managers and leaders to follow; however, a good leader does not require any guidelines. A good leader inherits leadership qualities by inheritance of leadership abilities and characteristics from their own life. How to cite Leadership Motivation, Essay examples Leadership motivation Free Essays string(73) " perception of the leader towards his or her followers \(Stacey, 1992\)\." Organizations usually draw their driving forces from several sources. Some of these sources include good capital structure and most dominant is a good team of employees. The need for a good team of employees calls for the need for an organization to formulate a unique quality employee-resourcing plan. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Employee-resourcing scheme calls for a reward scheme towards the employees, based on many factors including, merit, skills, as well asexperience. Therefore, employee resourcing refers to the process of acquiring employees by an organization. This process includes several steps for it to be regarded as successful and reliable. Employee resourcing is usually the duty of the Human Resource Management department in organizations. The task of leadership entails a mixture of skills and approaches in sourcing and managing the workforce. Human resource planning is essential in organizations, in that, it enables organizations and in this case leaders to be aware of the things that may lead to staff demoralization. Through realization of these causes, the leadership is able to save the organization much loss since it will work towards maintaining the key staff and human resource. Planning also ensures that the right employees are selected for the right jobs(Terry, 1960). This done through competitive interviews and this should be accompanied by merit. It is only through selecting qualified staff that an organization is able to succeed since the workers will be confident with their work. Human resource planning for instance enables the management in the organization to carry out continuous training. For instance, in- services training should be offered to the staff members especially those who have not interacted with computers before. This increases efficiency on the part of the staff. However, human resource planning can lead to collapse of the organization especially when selection of the staff and the managers is based on corruption grounds. Therefore, human resource planning should be viewed as the means by which organizations achieve their organizational success. The job of a manager is basically defined as â€Å"someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to accomplish organizational goals. The above calls for use of all the organizational resources which include financial, human and physical resources both efficiently and effectively where the manager uses what have been defined as the basic management functions of planning, organizing leading and controlling, utilizing their managerial skills which are conceptual, interpersonal and technical . Staffing,, sourcing, directing as well as controlling of employees if performed by applying the relevant managerial skills leads to attaining the organizational goals and objectives. The emerging trends in the global economy, stiff competition, increased level of awareness among communities on the role of the organization to the society, the need to maintain best staff as well to attract the best staff calls for management to reawaken their zeal for work so as management meet and overcome the emerging trends . In all of the above, leadership plays a very crucial role. The whole organizational momentum is decided by the top management, the style they adopt determines how decisions are going to be made, what kind of decisions the business is likely to make, the nature of policies which the company is going to adopt as well as how the organization will respond to management issues such as competitor activity, industrial attractiveness employee relations, public relations as well as corporate social responsibilities. The strategic fit of the organization is determined by whether the leaders are visionary or non-visionary whether these exercise foresight and how they balance risk taking and the drive for initiative. The momentum of a company is generated from the top management and perfected in bottom level, the success of an organization squarely rests on each and every single employee regardless of the role and position held in the organization. Therefore, to achieve a well coordinated and motivated team, the leadership and in essence, every single employee must be able to play their role effectively so as to achieve a synergetic effect. The company which succeeds is that which handles all departmental issues in regard to solving problems which arise and keep on arising. The challenges can serve as the source of de-motivating an otherwise motivated staff, if issues are not well attended to, while on the other hand, the challenges can afford an organization the opportunity to bond its workforce and reassure unity of purpose in the organization. Positive organizational behavior leads to organizational success while a negative corporate behavior leads to loss of profits and therefore organizational failure The process of leadership is basically dependent on the leader or the manager and their led leadership cannot be exercised without a person or persons providing leadership and someone or people being led. The form of leadership depends on the relationship created by the leader and the led. With a good relationship between these dependent group, leadership process ends up being very manageable. However in cases where relationship between the leaders and the followers turns sour, the leadership process ends up being an uphill task. A bad relationship between the leader and the led creates conflicts which end up as a limiting factor to a smooth leadership . Generally the leadership should be exercised under the assistance of certain values. These values are usually moral values, which emphasizes on maintenance of good relationships among individuals. When a leader handles his followers with the right moral attitude, the response from the led is usually favorable. On the other side a leader having followers who are guided by moral values, duties or information will be absorbed as required. Hence results expected are reached since influences them (Pitcher, 1994). Leadership takes many directions or forms. This forms of leadership are generated or determined by either: a) The attitude of the leader b) The attitude or behavior of the led c) The context or place of leadership. Attitude of the leader determines the forms of leadership mostly depending on the perception of the leader towards his or her followers (Stacey, 1992). You read "Leadership motivation" in category "Papers" The attitude of the led influences the form of leadership to be exercised on them in that: if followers behave recklessly, coercion should be used hence authoritative leadership. However if the followers of a leader behave or have an attitude of self-initiative the democratic form of leadership is likely going to be exercised by the leaders. Leadership is also likely to be influenced by the context or place where leadership is being exercised. For example in prisons, the nature of the activities or objectives requires that authoritative form of leadership be exercised. Other form of leadership emerges from combining guidelines advocated by the main notable form of leadership. These leadership forms are usually aimed at creating efficiency in leadership. Such of these is the transformational leadership. Transformational leadership entails the behavior of the leader in taking position. In transformational leadership the leader is believed to take a position, which creates a vision to the followers aimed at leading them in achieving their goals. The idea given to the followers is aimed at converting their efforts into efficiency likely to lead to the set objectives. Globalization has led to new challenges and therefore today’s organizations have evolved and different mangers are allocated interwoven duties which call for a multicultural approach. The field of management has evolved in the recent past with different management gurus coming up with management roles deemed fit for different categories of managers, depending on the prevailing business environment. While traditionally managers were seen as the source of wisdom and as knowing every thing, modern practices have tended to involve all staff. There is a wider appreciation of the fact that, even the very junior staffs in terms of rank such as messengers, drivers, and receptionists play a very critical role in organization. It is common knowledge that, stakeholders such as customers and suppliers are more likely to interact with them than they are with the senior management. This calls for careful integration of roles of managers to cater for the ever-changing management scenarios . Managers at al levels share one thing, that it is, they control, plan, direct, organize and play staffing roles. Depending on the level of the manger, different skills as well as expertise is required. The amount and complexity of the skills and duties largely depend on the type and complexity of the organization. In multinational companies such as coca cola, for example a line manger could earn as well as perform more complex duties than in a small organization with say for instance only two branches. Taking an example of a human resource manger in coca-coal for instance, if one is the head of HR in a country like USA, they are mandated to deal with a staff of over 8,000 staff. Clearly the nature of skills required for such jobs are less intense in an organization where by the HR managers less staff members. Organization should ensure that the employees’ requirement is handled with sensitivity. This requires the organizations to make sure that the employees’ complaints as well as grievances in the organization are handled on time and efficiently. This is the only way in which leaders ensure that, employees remain motivated and focused. Organizations should create very efficient systems of employee resourcing to ensure that the best is recruited. An organization should consider factors such as professional, qualification, skills and experience whenever resourcing for employees (Warneka, 2006). The Human Resource Department in the organization should be equipped with sufficient resources and facilities to enable it carry out its activities comfortably. The human resource department should be restructured overtime to adjust for the change in the employee market. For example changes in the required level o personnel qualifications should always be kept up to date. However the size and roles of the organization may call for integration of duties and responsibilities something, which explains why more and more organizations are recruiting well, rounded staff. Usually many departments will have to work in unison for instance production and marketing, production and accounts department due to the inter-linkage of each of the areas of the organization. There is no single department can afford to exist on its own for the organization is like the human anatomy, whereby every body part requires the next to perform better. In small organization, especially those entering the market for the first time in, may not need the services of so many line mangers, therefore a human resource manager may double as the accounts manger and sometimes the driver. This is necessitated by the need to perform as well as the need to save the costs involved in the recruitment of many skilled staff. Different roles as played by different levels of management contribute wholly to the success or failure of the organization( Pitcher, 1994). For instance, senior level mangers are usually concerned with dealing with stakeholders’ especially important clients. It would not be right to discuss on the functions of mangers and their roles without mentioning how information technology has come in to eliminate most of the jobs which some managers especially junior mangers used to. However it is worthy noting that in most cases the remuneration as well as privileges and benefits enjoyed vary across the market . Modern management has shifted focus from static job situations to encouraging well-rounded employees. As a strategic measurement, many organizations currently train their employees to be able to function in more than one department (Torbert, 2004). This helps in situations were there may be heavy work loads in one department in which case staff can be reallocated duties thus saving the organization money in terms of hiring from outside. Conclusion Leadership is an art which is usually relied on in the process of goal achievement in many areas. These areas can either be in secular or religious fields. Leadership should be exercised in a manner likely to give the desired yields. The leader should try as much as possible to apply the right type of leadership style depending on his context. This will be a good way of avoiding conflict and unnecessary difficulties in the leadership process. According to *the leader should always try to meet the expectations of the led. The position of a leader should be visionary to enable achievement of goals which is a dominant quality of transformational leadership explains why transformational leadership is supreme. How to cite Leadership motivation, Papers

Rylands V Fletcher Essay Example For Students

Rylands V Fletcher Essay Question 6, April 2006: Solution to fe1 question Bell Computers could attach liability to either Chemical Supply or Industrial Estates under the tort of Rylands v Fletcher. Chemical Supply’s Liability Rylands v Fletcher established that a person who â€Å"for his own purposes brings on his lands and collects and keeps there anything likely to do mischief if it escapes, must keep it in at his peril, and if he does not do so , is prima facie answerable for all the damage which is the natural consequence of its escape. The rule therefore imposes strict liability on the defendant for all damage which occurs as a natural consequence of the escape, and there is no requirement for intent or neglect. The rule only applies to defendants who keep â€Å"a thing which is likely to do mischief it if escapes. † As a neighbouring property, Bell has the locus standi to take a claim in Rylands. It can sue Chemical Supply as occupier of the premises from which the chemicals escaped. In Shell Mex v Belfast Corp the defendant corporation placed gas pipes under a road not owned by them, and were held liable for the explosion caused by a leak in the pipes as they had control over the works. Bell must prove accumulation, by showing that Chemical Supply brought the substances onto the property for its own benefit, and that it intended to be responsible for the accumulation. The item must be dangerous, i. e. likely to do mischief if it escapes. In Cambridge Water v Eastern Counties Leather, the court held that the test to determine whether the defendant knew that the chemicals which escaped from the defendant’s premises were dangerous, was whether the danger was reasonably foreseeable. The court will consider the nature of the risk capable of being known to the defendant and his knowledge of the possible means of escape and potential harm. It concluded in this case that the harm was not reasonably foreseeable as the chemicals had seeped into a bore hole located one mile away. It should be noted that foreseeability is only relevant to the defendant’s knowledge of the dangerous nature of the thing which escapes. Damage caused by the escape must be shown to be a direct consequence of it. In addition to the substance being dangerous, it must also be shown that the damage it caused was due to an extraordinary or non-natural use of the land as opposed to artificial use. In Cambridge the court established that the use of a chemical solvent used in the tanning process was a non-natural use of the land. Finally, the substances must be shown by Bell to have unintentionally escaped from the land which the defendant owned, occupied or controlled. It would appear that Bell could satisfy all of these requirements and attach strict liability to Chemical on the basis that it brought harmful substances onto the premises for their own benefit, and their use of the land was non-natural. The damage caused to Bell was a direct consequence of the escape of such substances. Chemical knew the escape of the substances was dangerous, as it was reasonably foreseeable that the escape of the substance would cause harm to neighbouring properties. Chemical will most likely try to defer liability to Herbie as an independent contractor, for whose torts it is subsequently not liable. However, the strict liability in Rylands is non-delegable, as was seen in the founding case itself. An independent contractor had been hired to build a reservoir for the defendant, whose negligence resulted in water breaking through a shaft and flooding an adjacent mine. .u8fa6d239cddc20bb4bb146219a265c9e , .u8fa6d239cddc20bb4bb146219a265c9e .postImageUrl , .u8fa6d239cddc20bb4bb146219a265c9e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8fa6d239cddc20bb4bb146219a265c9e , .u8fa6d239cddc20bb4bb146219a265c9e:hover , .u8fa6d239cddc20bb4bb146219a265c9e:visited , .u8fa6d239cddc20bb4bb146219a265c9e:active { border:0!important; } .u8fa6d239cddc20bb4bb146219a265c9e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8fa6d239cddc20bb4bb146219a265c9e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8fa6d239cddc20bb4bb146219a265c9e:active , .u8fa6d239cddc20bb4bb146219a265c9e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8fa6d239cddc20bb4bb146219a265c9e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8fa6d239cddc20bb4bb146219a265c9e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8fa6d239cddc20bb4bb146219a265c9e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8fa6d239cddc20bb4bb146219a265c9e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8fa6d239cddc20bb4bb146219a265c9e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8fa6d239cddc20bb4bb146219a265c9e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8fa6d239cddc20bb4bb146219a265c9e .u8fa6d239cddc20bb4bb146219a265c9e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8fa6d239cddc20bb4bb146219a265c9e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Book Review: Animate Form by Greg Lynn EssayLiability bypassed the independent contractor, and strict liability was imposed on the defendant. It is unlikely that Chemical will be able to invoke the defence that a defendant will not be liable for the deliberate acts of a stranger, such as a trespasser, whose acts could not reasonably have been foreseen, as Herbie was not a trespasser on the premises, but was there by express request of the Chemical. Liability under the rule is strict, and so Bell will not need to show any particular damage, but should be able to recover the loss of business and cost of decontamination. Industrial Estate’s Liability The rule in Rylands applies to owners of premises as well as occupiers, but Bell would have difficulty overcoming the proofs outlined in respect of Industrial, namely accumulation for Industrial’s benefit etc. and the absence of any control by Industrial over the harmful substances. Liability would be more successfully attached to Industrial in negligence for its failure to keep the road in a good state of repair. Firstly, Bell will need to establish that it owed a duty of care to it. As Lord Atkin stated in O’Donoghue v Stevenson â€Å"you must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omission which you can reasonably foresee would be liable to injure your neighbour. † While neighbour in this sense does not strictly mean persons who occupy the property beside you, it was established in Glencar Explorations v Mayo Co. Co. that if a plaintiff and defendant’s relationship is sufficiently proximate, and the harm caused was foreseeable, then in the absence of policy limitations, a duty of care would arise. Bell should be able to establish a duty of care in that by failing to maintain the road in a good condition, it was reasonably foreseeable that such failure could cause injury to Bell’s property, as Industrial knew that tanks full of harmful substances travelled on the road on a daily basis, and that if such chemicals were to escape due to an accident caused by the defective road, they would seep onto Bell’s property causing it damage. While the damage may be somewhat remote, Wagon Mound established that a defendant will be responsible for the probable consequences of his act which are reasonably foreseeable, irrespective of the extent of that foreseeable damage. Industrial clearly breached their standard of care as despite being told on numerous occasions about the defects and poor design of the road, they failed to take any reasonable steps to ensure the safety of the road, which failure is aggravated by the fact that they knew the premises was being used by Chemical to transport harmful substances, and the risk of an accident and subsequent harm was great. Conclusion Bell would appear to have a strong case against Chemical grounded in the rule in Rylands and against Industrial for general negligence. Industrial could seek to defer some liability to Herbie for his excessive speed in such a claim, but Herbie will incur no liability in respect of the strict liability attached by the rule in Rylands.

Tourism At Sabah In East Malaysia Tourism Essay Essay Example

Tourism At Sabah In East Malaysia Tourism Essay Essay Sabah its one of the provinces located in East Malaysia is known as Land below the Wind , because of its location merely south of the typhoon-prone part around the Philippines. Sabah is Malaysia s northmost province and together with Sarawak and it is cragged with exuberant tropical rain woods and its population of about two million is made up of 32 colorful cultural communities. Known largely for its two Mountains ; Mount Kinabalu, the submerged mountain of Sipadan or Layang Layang Island absolute isolation will adore this topographic point with beautiful positions of the environing sea with Gomantong Caves are a group of limestone caves every bit good cognize for its high valued birds nest. Entree to Malaysia eastern gateway is through Sabah s capital, Kota Kinabalu, which receives flights from Kuala Lumpur, Johor Bahru, Kuching, Singapore, Hong Kong, Manila, Brunei, Jakarta, Seoul, and Taipei. Domestic travel in this huge province is via day-to-day flights between Labuan, Sandak an, Lahad Datu, and Tawau, though big countries are still unaccessible. A rail web stretches from Kota Kinabalu to Tenom, and coachs, taxis, and boats are besides available. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism At Sabah In East Malaysia Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism At Sabah In East Malaysia Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism At Sabah In East Malaysia Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Sabah is an enrapturing mosaic of cultural diverseness with at least 30 groups with their rich civilizations and interesting traditions and utilizing more than 50 autochthonal linguistic communications and non less than 80 dialects.A The chief cultural groups are: the Dusun and Kadazan the largest group who make up about one tierce of the population, the Murut, the Paitan and the Bajau. Other autochthonal groups include the Bonggi, the Iranun, the Idaan and the Brunei. In add-on, the Chinese make up the chief not autochthonal group. Therefore, the people of Sabah are varied in their several cultural backgrounds. The tamu, a hebdomadal unfastened bazar, offers a vivid glance into the colorful blend of local civilizations. The tamu is where indigens gather to merchandise in farm green goods, local oddities, handcraft, nutrient and even American bisons. Kota Belud is a favorite topographic point for tourers to capture this alien juncture. Presents, Sabah has blossomed into a booming commercial Centre and vacation finish. A short boat-ride off takes one to the islands of Tunku Abdul Rahman park, a oasis for bivouacing and sea athleticss for all coevals. Tropical Beachs As we know Sabah is a fantastic chance to loosen up and wind off on a privy tropical beach or honkytonk at Jacques Cousteau s favourites tropical island honkytonk topographic point and the Caribbean Islands may be the current popular pick for an ultimate Tropical Island Vacation but Sabah offers a genuinely complete tropical island holiday bundle as it is a land of tropical admirations from ocean deep to mountain high. The 1st popular topographic point in Sabah is the topical beach. Where you can merely idle around underneath a coconut tree on your deck chair with your to a great extent sun-tanned organic structure soaking all the tropical Sun you can acquire, a cocktail in one manus and a good book in the other, white and soft sand beneath your pess, the sound of the ocean waves repeating in the background, and sea gulls go throughing by above you, your head will be relax and bury all the busy s life in the metropolis. Sabah has an copiousness of first-class tropical beaches that can do your dream tropical holiday a world. Most of the best beaches with developed substructures are located in the West Coast of Sabah. Tropical Island Beside that the TAR Marine ParkA is besides is one of the perfect tropical islands in the whole of Borneo for the Sun and sea lovers, this is because they are all good sheltered from the unsmooth Waterss of the South China Sea and most islands are good developed in footings of tourer installations to supply a memorable tropical island holiday of a lifetime.A In the other manus Sabah has legion pickup locations where you can remain at quaint seaboard adjustments or chalets. The best topographic point for a tropical holiday pickups have to be at the 5-starA Tropical Vacation ResortsA pickups such as Shangri-La s Rasa Ria Resort and Nexus Karambunai Resort, both at Tuaran, about about 40-50 proceedingss drive from Kota Kinabalu, the capital metropolis of Sabah. Nestled far off from the metropolis life, both international criterion resorts are perfect for a great tropical holiday getaway.A An alternate scene for a tropical pickup is at the many idyllicA Tropical Island VacationA pickups such as the nearby islands off Kota Kinabalu seashore at Tunku Abdul Rahman Marine Park. However, if you are looking for a simple and quaint location out of the metropolis or if your budget is a spot tight, you can still bask a truly brilliant tropical holiday at budget-typed tropical seaboard pickups. Tropical resort In Sabah got five best tropical resorts. Shangri-La s Tanjung Aru Resort, Kota Kinabalu. Shangri-la s Rasa Ria Resort, Tuaran Nexus Karambunai Resort, Tuaran Nexus Karambunai Resort, Tuaran Pacific Sutera Hotel, Kota Kinabalu Shangri-La s Tanjung Aru Resort, Kota Kinabalu is located near airdrome and merely necessitate around 10 minit from airport.It is the prototype of the Shangri-La best.It boats some 495 charming suites all equipped with the modern installations. Shangri-la s Rasa Ria Resort, Tuaran is situated at Pantai Dalit, Tuaran and need about 40 proceedingss drive from Kota Kinabalu, the capital metropolis of Sabah. The Shangri-La s Rasa Ria Resort besides located at the point where the jungle meets the sea and surrounded by 400 estates of tropical gardens. Nexus Karambunai Resort, Tuaran is located 30km North East of Kota Kinabalu, the capital of Sabah on a privy 45 estates of tranquil, natural beauty on the Karambunai Peninsular with fantastic white and flaxen beaches. Nexus Karambunai Resort, Tuaran which Sprawling on 384 estates of premier sea-front land with the olympian Mount Kinabalu as its background in Kota Kinabalu, the Magellan Sutera Hotel, a resort within the Sutera Harbour Resorts and Marina locality, is far more than merely superb excellent tropical holiday resort. Although it is close to the metropolis centre, the Magellan Sutera Hotel can besides easy be a tropical holiday retreat for those who believe in botching themselves with the delectations of Borneo s celebrated cordial reception. The Pacific Sutera Hotel can be the best described as a cost-efficient tropical holiday resort. Although it is positioned a spot further from the beach country and appears to look more like a concern hotel compared to the nearby the Magellan Sutera Hotel, do nt be fooled by its visual aspect. Adventure Vacation In Sabah got the escapade holiday from soft to hard as it will convey you a assortment of adventure holiday activities that is non merely alone to this part but besides can unparallel in quality. The escapade got similar mountain mounting it will suppress with comparative easiness the olympian Mounnt Kinabalu, the highest extremum in South East Asia.In Mount Kinabalu you do non necessitate any particular accomplishments or mountaineering cogwheels. White Water Rafting is a brave escapade which is the tickle pinking sit down the river rapids on a White Water Rafting escapade. Along the more ambitious Padas River ( Grade 111-1V moderate rapids ) or the household Kiulu River ( Grade 1-111 simple rapids ) . Jungle trekking is an escapade takes a guided hike/trek through million old ages old rain forest at Danum Valley or Maliau The Lost World Basin. Borneo s rain forest is the oldest in the universe at around 130 million old ages compared to the 60 million old ages old Amazon rain forest. River Cruise is an adventure take a boat sail along the Kinabatangan River, the longest river in Sabah, it is for a merriment filled nature escapade on an ox-bow lake and to seek for the elusive Proboscis Monkey and other wild life. Scuba Diving Vacation Sabah is fast deriving popularity as the latest Prime Minister Scuba Diving Vacation finish in the universe. The alien Malaysian province has some of the best dive musca volitanss in the part every bit good as worldwide. Besides the world-famous Sipadan, and its neighbouring islands like Mabul and Kapalai near Semporna in the East Coast of Sabah, the other top musca volitanss include Lankayan near Sandakan, and Layang Layang, situated some 300km off the West Coast of Sabah. Scuba plunging Vacation at Sipadan, Mabul, Kapalai is three first dive finishs located within sight of each other are situated in the East seashore of Sabah.Sipadan is the most good known, it is the legendary island of polo-necks. Mabul is an enrapturing island where every coconut tree has its ain figure. Kapalai is an island resort built on piles in the center of the sea The standard dive bundle will include 3 boat dive combinations a twenty-four hours with professional a Divemaster every bit good as limitless beach honkytonks ( minimal 1 hr surface interval ) . Diving boat and basic plunging equipments such as armored combat vehicles with air, weight and weight belt will be inclusive. Scuba plunging holiday at Lakayan is regarded as the new plunging frontier in Sulu Sea off the North-Eastern seashore of Sabah. A jewel-like bantam island in the Sulu Sea and hr and a half boat drive s North of Sandakan, Lankayan has been declared portion of an huge Marine Protected Area. Its dive sites are all within proceedingss off from one another and self-praise incredibly colourful macro zoology, intriguing wrecks such as the Lankayan Wreck , which was an ocean traveling fish poaching vas suitably demised in the country of its illegal activities. Lankayan is a virtually uninhabited island but there is one little resort that offers an adjustment service. Scuba Diving Vacation at Layang-Layang, it known as the Jewel of the Borneo Bankss , Layang Layang is a little pelagic atoll 14 sq kilometer in diameter stick outing some 2000m from the Ocean deepnesss, doing it a wall plunging Mecca. The exact location of Layang Layang is 7.5 grades north of the equator and 114 degree E of the acme, right in the center of ancient South China Sea, 300km North West off the seashore of Sabah. Besides its astonishing honkytonk characteristics, Layang Layang is besides renowned as a bird sanctuary, situated on the other terminal of the island. As for adjustment, there is merely one resort on the island. The Layang Layang Island Resort is a modest three-star resort with 76 suites and 10 suites. Its tropical hardwood constructions and the similitude of a traditional Longhouse exude an alone sense of cordial reception and heat. National Park Vacation Sabah besides provides a really alone and nice experience of national park holiday. In Sabah, there is two celebrated national Parkss which is Kinabalu National Park and Mesilau Nature Park. Kinabalu National Park is about 90km or two hours drive off from the capital of Sabah, Kota Kinabalu. It is a fantastic topographic point that Lashkar-e-Taiba you enjoy the green environment with refreshing and cool mountain air which can allow you wholly bury about busy life of urban metropolis. Kinabalu National Park is one of the richest diverseness of works, animate being, insect and bird life in the universe which is good protected since 1964. Inside this national park, we can besides establish the universe largest hurler works, Rajah Brooke and universe largest flower, Rafflesia. Mesilau Nature Park merely off from Kota Kinabalu about 108km and within Kinabalu National Park, approximately 30 proceedingss by route. This nature park is about 2000 meters above the sea degree. In this park, there is a highest golf class in South East Asia, Kundasang Mt. Kinabalu Golf Course which is portion of beauty scenic position of Mesilau Nature Park. The dramatic positions of the Kundasang vale with terraced hill inclines planted with Highlandss veggies besides another attractive force for nature lover. Nature Tour Sabah is a truly nice topographic point for a absorbing nature circuit. No affair island or national park or tropical holiday, Sabah certainly provides you a circuit with gustatory sensation of nature and eco friendly. There is a one hundred sixty 1000000s old ages old rain forest which older than the Amazon, the Danum Valley. Go for a jungle trekking inside it certain gives you an ultimate experience with good vegetations and zoologies. Enjoyful soft escapade is besides available at the top of national park. Another unforgettable nature experience is go for a River Safari journey on a boat. Rich and colourful multi-cultural of Autochthonal Peopless must be discovered during trip to Sabah. Family Vacation Escape from busy metropolis life, convey your household and spend twosomes of dark at Sabah might better relationship among your household members. It must be a great experience to hold a soft escapade in controlled escapade holiday site with household. Wild Adventure By holding a over 100 1000000s old ages old rain forest, Sabah certain provide a great experience by wild escapades. Breathtaking sights of rare wildlife such as the Sumatran rhinoceros and the Asiatic elephants are available at the Lost World . Take a river sail to witness nature s Christmas Lights, fire beetles which all around inside the rain forest or catch a glance of the long-nose Proboscis Monkeys must be an unforgettable experience. Decision Sabah is a fantastic topographic point to see or remain in particularly to those who like the nature really much. Amazing gifts from the God are to the full and good protected here. Impressive scene in Sabah will do every tourers who of all time been there a unforgettable experience and autumn in love with it, Sabah.

buy custom Law Enforcement essay

buy custom Law Enforcement essay The world has in the last couple of months gone through a very tough phase with the recession in The United States of America sending a ripple effect to other countries around the world. It has been difficult for people to maintain their lifestyles on the same salaries they had before while it is even harder for the majority who are jobless. Getting a job is no longer easy and it is made worse by the rise in product prices and the inflation that is spread throughout the world. This has led to numerous protests from people the world over and it has not been different here in the United States. As a result the law enforcement agencies have been having a tough time trying to ensure that peace prevailed amidst of all the demonstrations. Occupy Wall Street are a series of demonstrations that were started by an activist group known as Adbusters in protest of the rise in living costs, corruption in both the government and the large private sector companies, and economic inequality witnessed in America. The protests are also aimed at the financial services sector and at lobbyist and they carry the slogan we are the 99% in reference to the gap between the wealthiest Americans and the rest of the populace (Grossman, 2009). These demonstrations have been held in over 70 cities around USA since the inception in mid-September, 2011. The effect has also been felt in other countries where similar protests have been held. As a community, everyone is affected by the protests taking place all over the plae. It is a tough choice to choose either to join the protests or to sit back and ridicule the protestors. This is because the protests are being held to demonstrate the pain of living today which is what we are all going through. It is therefore important that everyone should contribute to the protests in one way or another since they touch on our current situation. On the other hand, some people may find the protests to be disturbing and uncalled for since they do cause a great deal of disturbance. Those people who live anywhere near the areas where the protests are taking place know just how disturbing they can be. The level of noise is too high and the fact that there are hundreds of people walking around means that there is also a heightened level of insecurity since the protesters are not screened to enter the parks. As such the neighboring community is affected since even businesses closed on the days of protests mainly due to the retailers fears of riots and consequent looting. The government has been on recovery mission to try and reduce the inflation rate that has been a contributor to the protests. Other stakeholders like the financial sector companies have also gone silent or are trying to reduce their lending rates to enable the people who had taken loans especially for their homes to retain them with new repayment plans. The results to such protests need to be felt for the protesters to cease their protests and it is therefore clear that the protests are here to stay since the economy is still recovering albeit slowly. The government and other companies arre also witnessing further losses when the businesses remain closed during protests and more and more people join them leaving their work stations unattended. The police have had a herculean task of maintaining order throughout the protests. In New York, there has been a police officer tasked with advising the protesters on the ways they could keep away from being arrested and assisting in giving any other information relevant to keeping the protesters within the law limits. The city has had to grapple with a sharp rise in the cost of paying overtime charges since they have been deployed to watch the protesters round the clock. In Oakland, violence broke out in the midst of the over 10000 strong crowd and police were forced to make arrests. Similar cases that led to the arrest of numerous protesters were reported in Portland, Boston and Denver. The police have been overwhelmed by the large numbers of protesters who have been rowdy leading to the arrest of several protesters. It maybe the duty of law enforcers to maintain peace but in situations like these, the protesters become too rowdy leading to the police making arrests. In some instances, the police have been forced to use rubber bullets to shoot into the crowds to either disperse the crowds or to arrest some protesters. This obviously is not an easy task and is draining both physically and emotionally for the police. It has therefore not been easy for the law enforcement officers in their quest to offer their services to the populace whilst maintaining law and order. Buy custom Law Enforcement essay

Air Carrier Safety; History, Statistics, and Forecast Essay

Air Carrier Safety; History, Statistics, and Forecast - Essay Example The first laws that deal with commercial aviation were passed during the 1920’s. One specific act that was critical in the development of the aircraft safety is the Air Commerce Act of 1926 (McDougall, 2007). This act required pilots and aircraft to be examined and licensed for accidents and crashes to be sufficiently investigated. Moreover the establishment of safety rules and navigation aids were established under the Aeronautics Branch of the Department of Commerce. Given these advancements in the policy arena, over the course of 1926 and 1927, there were a total of 24 dangerously fatal commercial airline accidents (Bamber, 2009). Furthermore, the following 2 years resulted in a total of 67 accidents which is a record in terms of the worst period of time for accidents in aviation history. The calculated accident rate was about 1 for every 1,000,000 miles flown. If converted to the current rates of travel, such numbers would translate into 7,000 fatal incidents per year (McD ougall, 2007). Though 1927 is the most fatal year in terms of airline travel, ever since that year, the number of annual accidents have steadily declined. Furthermore, after 1997 the number total number of fatal airline accidents dropped less than .2 percent of its previous rate with less than 1 for every 2 billion miles flown per person. Consequentially air travel has become one of the most safe methods of travel. It seems as if most accidents are not caused by human error but rather by external conditions that effect travel such as weather (Bamber, 2009). This is empirically proven by the fact that a disproportionate number of all U.S. aircraft crashes occur in Alaska, largely as a result of severe weather conditions. Between 1990-2006 there were 1441 commuter and air taxi crashes in the U.S. of which 373 (26%) were fatal, resulting in 1063 deaths (142 occupational pilot deaths). Alaska accounted for 513 (36%) of the total U.S.

Critical thinking in management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical thinking in management - Essay Example Moreover, it is significant to understand that employees because play a great role among other defining factors. The question will be answered by including all the main arguments, the theories, authors who have contributed in their knowledge and understanding and case examples to illustrate the above arguments. Further, the question requires annotated bibliography and it will be provided at the end of the essay. Essay body Organisational behavior is a field which studies how people think, act and feel within a setting of an organisation (Sapru 2008). Outstanding managers have been identified and they possess four types of skills, which allow them to handle the process of behavior management effectively (Sapru 2008: 276). These steps include; being familiar with behavioral challenge, the ability to pick out the causes of current behavior, identifying a strategy for attaining behavioral goals, and the ability to implement and adjust the chosen strategy as required (Parler & Ritson 2005 : 1276). These are the pillars of management theory as discussed by Hartley (2006), Tsukamoto-Wagner (2008), and Brownlie et al (2008). On the other hand, guru theory is based on the assumption that the gurus promote maxims, which specify the behavior rules, but they never increase the managers’ competence as in the works of Bos & Heusinkveld (2007), Collins (2001), Parler and Ritson (2005), and Barabba et al (2002). However, the theory is significant when applied from the manager’s side. Organizational behavior in management is best handled using behavioral theories that are well discussed by Bucklin et al (2000) and Baron and Greenberg (2008). This field of study was created around 1900 and its major perspectives have included scientific management (Tsukamoto-Wagner 2008: 361), human relations approach (Van de Ven 2003), and contingency approach as the latest (MANAGE 2012: 1). According to the analyses of Wallach (1983: 32), Alvero et al. (2000: 43), and Tompkins (20 05: 398), the contingency approach recognises organisational behavior as a complex field of study, driven by different characters. Managers in organisations need to understand this and develop their personal answers to some extent. Fayol’s theory of competitive strategy is said to be advocated by foyol for management education, both as a profession and a discipline. In this case, Yoo et al (2006: 360), Wright (2006) Williams (2003), The Wisest (2011), Collins (2003), and Black et al. (1992) approached the competative strategy theory from different perspectives. The diversity of this theory makes it compartible with many other approaches and when blended, any organisation will be able to achieve a working successful behavior. Findings A combination of Organisational behavior management with the other theories is the best aspect of managing organisations (Wallach 1983: 32). This is significant because there is no signle theory that can be said to solve all managerial challenges or to be applied successfully in managerial behavior. Therefore, the approach requires application of psychological principles of organisational be

The Goya Painting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Goya Painting - Essay Example The essay "The Goya Painting" explores the painting of Goya. Goya has brought more attention to the central figure whereas the other figures are crouched down and small. The last way that Goya brought attention to the central figure is through light and shadow. The use of light and shadow is very important in that Goya used bright light to bring the central figure to the viewers attention while the other figures and the building are in shadow pushing them into the background. Light and shadow is also used to get the feeling or message of the painting across to the viewer. In this case, the gunmen are darker and dangerous looking because they are in the shadows more. The feeling is that the gunmen have a dark intent and the man in the light is innocent and does not deserve to be in the current circumstance and the light cast on the slaughtered gentleman also creates a feeling that the killing was unnecessary. I feel sad and horrified when viewing Goya’s work because the paining gives me a feeling that any armed conflict between anyone is horrifying and unnecessary. It is clear from this painting that Goya is against war, armed conflict, and, in particular, violence. Goya obviously does not care for violence and the death associated with violence the violence of war. This is clear by the feelings this paining portrays and by the depiction of the gunmen as apposed to those on the opposite side of the guns. The people being shot at look distraught and innocent as show no reason why they should be.

A Study About Blue Eye Technology

A Study About Blue Eye Technology Blue Eyes system provides technical means for monitoring and recording the operators basic physiological parameters. The most important parameter is saccadic activity1, which enables the system to monitor the status of the operators visual attention along with head acceleration, which accompanies large displacement of the visual axis (saccades larger than 15 degrees). Complex industrial environment can create a danger of exposing the operator to toxic substances, which can affect his cardiac, circulatory and pulmonary systems. Thus, on the grounds of plethysmographic signal taken from the forehead skin surface, the system computes heart beat rate and blood oxygenation. The BlueEyes system checks above parameters against abnormal (e.g. a low level of blood oxygenation or a high pulse rate) or undesirable (e.g. a longer period of lowered visual attention) values and triggers user-defined alarms when necessary. Quite often in an emergency situation operator speak to themselves expressing their surprise or stating verbally the problem. Therefore, the operators voice, physiological parameters and an overall view of the operating room are recorded. This helps to reconstruct the course of operators work and provides data for long-term analysis. BlueEyes consists of a mobile measuring device and a central analytical system. The mobile device is integrated with Bluetooth module providing wireless interface between sensors worn by the operator and the central unit. ID cards assigned to each of the operators and adequate user profiles on the central unit side provide necessary data personalization so different people can use a single mobile device (called hereafter DAU Data Acquisition Unit). The overall system diagram is shown in Figure 1. The tasks of the mobile Data Acquisition Unit are to maintain Bluetooth connections, to get information from the sensor and sending it over the wireless connection INTRODUCTION: Imagine yourself in a world where humans interact with computers. You are sitting in front of your personal computer that can listen, talk, or even scream aloud. It has the ability to gather information about you and interact with you through special techniques like facial recognition, speech recognition, etc. It can even understand your emotions at the touch of the mouse. It verifies your identity, feels your presents, and starts interacting with you .You ask the computer to dial to your friend at his office. It realizes the urgency of the situation through the mouse, dials your friend at his office, and establishes a connection. Human cognition depends primarily on the ability to perceive, interpret, and integrate audio-visuals and sensoring information. Adding extraordinary perceptual abilities to computers would enable computers to work together with human beings as intimate partners. Researchers are attempting to add more capabilities to computers that will allow them to interact like humans, recognize human presents, talk, listen, or even guess their feelings. The BLUE EYES technology aims at creating computational machines that have perceptual and sensory ability like those of human beings. It uses non-obtrusive sensing method, employing most modern video cameras and microphones to identifies the users actions through the use of imparted sensory abilities . The machine can understand what a user wants, where he is looking at, and even realize his physical or emotional states. EMOTION AND COMPUTING: Rosalind Picard (1997) describes why emotions are important to the computing community. There are two aspects of affective computing: giving the computer the ability to detect emotions and giving the computer the ability to express emotions. Not only are emotions crucial for rational decision making as Picard describes, but emotion detection is an important step to an adaptive computer system. An adaptive, smart computer system has been driving our efforts to detect a persons emotional state. An important element of incorporating emotion into computing is for productivity for a computer user. A study (Dryer Horowitz, 1997) has shown that people with personalities that are similar or complement each other collaborate well. Dryer (1999) has also shown that people view their computer as having a personality. For these reasons, it is important to develop computers which can work well with its user. By matching a persons emotional state and the context of the expressed emotion, over a period of time the persons personality is being exhibited. Therefore, by giving the computer a longitudinal understanding of the emotional state of its user, the computer could adapt a working style which fits with its users personality. The result of this collaboration could increase productivity for the user. One way of gaining information from a user non-intrusively is by video. Cameras have been used to detect a persons emotional state (Johnson, 1999). We have explored gaining information through touch. One obvious place to put sensors is on the mouse. Through observing normal computer usage (creating and editing documents and surfing the web), people spend approximately 1/3 of their total computer time touching their input device. Because of the incredible amount of time spent touching an input device, we will explore the possibility of detecting emotion through touch. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENT SPEECH RECOGNITION: It is important to consider the environment in which the speech recognition system has to work. The grammar used by the speaker and accepted by the system, noise level, noise type, position of the microphone, and speed and manner of the users speech are some factors that may affect the quality of speech recognition .When you dial the telephone number of a big company, you are likely to hear the sonorous voice of a cultured lady who responds to your call with great courtesy saying Welcome to company X. Please give me the extension number you want. You pronounce the extension number, your name, and the name of person you want to contact. If the called person accepts the call, the connection is given quickly. This is artificial intelligence where an automatic call-handling system is used without employing any telephone operator. THE TECHNOLOGY: Artificial intelligence (AI) involves two basic ideas. First, it involves studying the thought processes of human beings. Second, it deals with representing those processes via machines (like computers, robots, etc). AI is behavior of a machine, which, if performed by a human being, would be called intelligent. It makes machines smarter and more useful, and is less expensive than natural intelligence. Natural language processing (NLP) refers to artificial intelligence methods of communicating with a computer in a natural language like English. The main objective of a NLP program is to understand input and initiate action. The input words are scanned and matched against internally stored known words. Identification of a key word causes some action to be taken. In this way, one can communicate with the computer in ones language. No special commands or computer language are required. There is no need to enter programs in a special language for creating software. SPEECH RECOGNITION: The user speaks to the computer through a microphone, which, in used; a simple system may contain a minimum of three filters. The more the number of filters used, the higher the probability of accurate recognition. Presently, switched capacitor digital filters are used because these can be custom-built in integrated circuit form. These are smaller and cheaper than active filters using operational amplifiers. The filter output is then fed to the ADC to translate the analogue signal into digital word. The ADC samples the filter outputs many times a second. Each sample represents different amplitude of the signal .Evenly spaced vertical lines represent the amplitude of the audio filter output at the instant of sampling. Each value is then converted to a binary number proportional to the amplitude of the sample. A central processor unit (CPU) controls the input circuits that are fed by the ADCS. A large RAM (random access memory) stores all the digital values in a buffer area. This digit al information, representing the spoken word, is now accessed by the CPU to process it further. The normal speech has a frequency range of 200 Hz to 7 kHz. Recognizing a telephone call is more difficult as it has bandwidth limitation of 300 Hz to3.3 kHz. As explained earlier, the spoken words are processed by the filters and ADCs. The binary representation of each of these words becomes a template or standard, against which the future words are compared. These templates are stored in the memory. Once the storing process is completed, the system can go into its active mode and is capable of identifying spoken words. As each word is spoken, it is converted into binary equivalent and stored in RAM. The computer then starts searching and compares the binary input pattern with the templates. t is to be noted that even if the same speaker talks the same text, there are always slight variations in amplitude or loudness of the signal, pitch, frequency difference, time gap, etc. Due to this reason, there is never a perfect match between the template and binary input word. The pattern matching process therefore uses statistical techniques and is designed to look for the best fit. The values of binary input words are subtracted from the corresponding values in the templates. If both the values are same, the difference is zero and there is perfect match. If not, the subtraction produces some difference or error. The smaller the error, the better the match. When the best match occurs, the word is identified and displayed on the screen or used in some other manner. The search process takes a considerable amount of time, as the CPU has to make many comparisons before recognition occurs. This necessitates use of very high-speed processors. A large RAM is also required as even though a spoken word may last only a few hundred milliseconds, but the same is translated into many thousands of digital words. It is important to note that alignment of words and templates are to be matched correctly in time, before computing the similarity score. This process, termed as dynamic time warping, recognizes that different speakers pronounce the same words at different speeds as w ell as elongate different parts of the same word. This is important for the speaker-independent recognizers. THE SIMPLE USER INTERST TRACKER (SUITOR): Computers would have been much more powerful, had they gained perceptual and sensory abilities of the living beings on the earth. What needs to be developed is an intimate relationship between the computer and the humans. And the Simple User Interest Tracker (SUITOR) is a revolutionary approach in this direction. By observing the Webpage a netizen is browsing, the SUITOR can help by fetching more information at his desktop. By simply noticing where the users eyes focus on the computer screen, the SUITOR can be more precise in determining his topic of interest. It can even deliver relevant information to a handheld device. The success lies in how much the suitor can be intimate to the user. IBMs BlueEyes research project began with a simple question, according to Myron Flickner, a manager in Almadens USER group: Can we exploit nonverbal cues to create more effective user interfaces? One such cue is gaze-the direction in which a person is looking. Flickner and his colleagues have created some new techniques for tracking a persons eyes and have incorporated this gaze-tracking technology into two prototypes. One, called SUITOR (Simple User Interest Tracker), fills a scrolling ticker on a computer screen with information related to the users current task. SUITOR knows where you are looking, what applications you are running, and what Web pages you may be browsing. If Im reading a Web page about IBM, for instance, says Paul Maglio, the Almaden cognitive scientist who invented SUITOR, the system presents the latest stock price or business news stories that could affect IBM. If I read the headline off the ticker, it pops up the story in a browser window. If I start to read the story, it adds related stories to the ticker. Thats the whole idea of an attentive system-one that attends to what you are doing, typing, reading, so that it can attend to your information needs. PARTS OF A BLUE EYE SYSTEM : The major parts in the Blue eye system are Data Acquisition Unit and Central System Unit. The tasks of the mobile Data Acquisition Unit are to maintain Bluetooth connections, to get information from the sensor and sending it over the wireless connection, to deliver the alarm messages sent from the Central System Unit to the operator and handle personalized ID cards. Central System Unit maintains the other side of the Blue tooth connection, buffers incoming sensor data, performs on-line data analysis, records the conclusions for further exploration and provides visualization interface. THE HARDWARE: Data Acquisition Unit Data Acquisition Unit is a mobile part of the Blue eyes system. Its main task is to fetch the physiological data from the sensor and to send it to the central system to be processed. To accomplish the task the device must manage wireless Bluetooth connections (connection establishment, authentication and termination). Personal ID cards and PIN codes provide operators authorization. Figure Showing Jazz-multi Sensor Communication with the operator is carried on using a simple 5-key keyboard, a small LCD display and a beeper. When an exceptional situation is detected the device uses them to notify the operator. Voice data is transferred using a small headset, interfaced to the DAU with standard mini-jack plugs. The Data Acquisition Unit The Data Acquisition unit comprises several hardware modules figure showing data acquisition unit  · Atmel 89C52 microcontroller system core  · Bluetooth module (based on ROK101008)  · HD44780 small LCD display  · 24C16 I2C EEPROM (on a removable ID card) CENTRAL SYSTEM UNIT : Central System Unit hardware is the second peer of the wireless connection. The box contains a Bluetooth module (based on ROK101008) and a PCM codec for voice data transmission. The module is interfaced to a PC using a parallel, serial and USB cable. The audio data is accessible through standard mini-jack sockets over view of central system unit To program operators personal ID cards we developed a simple programming device. The programmer is interfaced to a PC using serial and PS/2 (power source) ports. Inside, there is Atmel 89C2051 microcontroller, which handles UART transmission and I2C EEPROM (ID card) programming. THE SOFTWARE: Blue Eyes softwares main task is to look after working operators physiological condition. To assure instant reaction on the operators condition change the software performs real time buffering of the incoming data, real-time physiological data analysis and alarm triggering. The Blue Eyes software comprises several functional modules System core facilitates the transfers flow between other system modules (e.g. transfers raw data from the Connection Manager to data analyzers, processed data from the data analyzers to GUI controls, other data analyzers, data logger etc.). The System Core fundamental are single-producer-multi-consumer thread safe queues. Any number of consumers can register to receive the data supplied by a producer. Every single consumer can register at any number of producers, receiving therefore different types of data. Naturally, every consumer may be a producer for other consumers. This approach enables high system scalability new data processing modules (i.e. filters, data analyzers and loggers) can be easily added by simply registering as a costumer Connection Manager is responsible for managing the wireless communication between the mobile Data Acquisition Unit the central system. The Connection Manager handles:  · communication with the CSU hardware  · searching for new devices in the covered range  · establishing Bluetooth connections  · connection authentication  · incoming data buffering  · sending alerts Data Analysis module performs the analysis of the raw sensor data in order to obtain information about the operators physiological condition. The separately running Data Analysis module supervises each of the working operators. The module consists of a number of smaller analyzers extracting different types of information. Each of the analyzers registers at the appropriate Operator Manager or another analyzer as a data consumer and, acting as a producer, provides the results of the analysis. Visualization module provides a user interface for the supervisors. It enables them to watch each of the working operators physiological condition along with a preview of selected video source and related sound stream. All the incoming alarm messages are instantly signaled to the supervisor.The Visualization module can be set in an off-line mode, where all the data is fetched from the database.Watching all the recorded physiological parameters, alarms, video and audio data the supervisor is able to reconstruct the course of the selected operators duty. The physiological data is presented using a set of custom-built GUI controls:  · a pie-chart used to present a percentage of time the operator was actively acquiring the visual information · A VU-meter showing the present value of a parameter time series displaying a history of selected parameters value. BLUE-EYES BENEFITS: Prevention from dangerous incidents Minimization of ecological consequences financial loss a threat to a human life Blue Eyes system provides technical means for monitoring and recording human-operators physiological condition. The key features of the system are:  · visual attention monitoring (eye motility analysis)  · physiological condition monitoring (pulse rate, blood oxygenation)  · operators position detection (standing, lying)  · wireless data acquisition using Blue tooth technology  · real-time user-defined alarm triggering  · physiological data, operators voice and overall view of the control room recording  · recorded data playback Blue Eyes system can be applied in every working environment requiring permanent operators attention:  · at power plant control rooms  · at captain bridges  · at flight control centers. APPLICATIONS : One of the main benefits of speech recognition system is that it lets user do other works simultaneously. The user can concentrate on observation and manual operations, and still control the machinery by voice input commands. Another major application of speech processing is in military operations. Voice control of weapons is an example. With reliable speech recognition equipment, pilots can give commands and information to the computers by simply speaking into their microphones-they dont have to use their hands for this purpose. Another good example is a radiologist scanning hundreds of X-rays, ultrasonograms, CT scans and simultaneously dictating conclusions to a speech recognition system connected to word processors. The radiologist can focus his attention on the images rather than writing the text. Voice recognition could also be used on computers for making airline and hotel reservations. A user requires simply to state his needs, to make reservation, cancel a reservation, or ma ke enquiries about schedule. CONCLUSION: The nineties witnessed quantum leaps interface designing for improved man machine interactions. The BLUE EYES technology ensures a convenient way of simplifying the life by providing more delicate and user friendly facilities in computing devices. Now that we have proven the method, the next step is to improve the hardware. Instead of using cumbersome modules to gather information about the user, it will be better to use smaller and less intrusive units. The day is not far when this technology will push its way into your house hold, making you more lazy. It may even reach your hand held mobile device. Any way this is only a technological forecast. In future it is possible to create a computer which can interact with us as we interact each other with the use of blue eye technology. It seems to be a fiction, but it will be the life lead by BLUE EYES in the very near future. ordinary household devices such as televisions, refrigerators, and ovens may be able to do their jobs when we look at them and speak to them.

Mono Basin Volcanism Essay -- Geology Volcanoes Volcano Papers

Mono Basin Volcanism The last basin in the Basin and Range before the Sierra Nevada Mountain range is the Mono Basin. The Mono Basin consists of landforms such as the Mono-Inyo Craters, Black Point, Negit Island, Paoha Island, Mono Lake, Devils Punch Bowl, Panum Crater, and some others (Hamburger et al; 2004). All of these landforms were created by volcanism. Actually, the Mono Basin is in one of the most volcanically active places in the world (Forest Service; 2004). Paoha Island, Negit Island, and Panum Crater are the most recent volcanoes to erupt, which are the furthest north in the basin. The volcanoes' ages tend to get older the further south they are from Panum Crater; with the exception of Paoha. Eruptions in the Mono Basin have tended to occur in five hundred year intervals over the past two thousand to three thousand years (Molossia; 2004). Hot springs and fumeroles and other signs show that this area is still active (USDA; 97). Though there has not been any volcanic eruptions in the las t six hundred years, there is still evidence of volcanic unrest in the Mono Basin area. (The Picture above compliments of USGS). The Mono Craters were all formed within the last forty thousand years. These craters are localized on a north-trending fissure system that starts at the south of Mammoth Mountain up through the western moat to the north shore of Mono Lake; this system extends about fifty kilometers (USGS;2004). There are thirty domes that formed together (Molossia;2004). They were originally formed by the intrusion of a dike. About six hundred years ago when the magma began rising in the southern end of the Mono-Inyo Craters there was a series of eruptions and ground cracking. The dike was spreading both hor... ...is Panum Crater that is six hundred and forty years old (Topinka:2001). (Picture below compliments of USGS). Sources Molossian Institute of Volcanology. Long Valley Caldera. 2004 http://www.molossia.org.org/volcanology/longvalley.html Topinka, Lyn. Mono-Inyo Craters. Last updated 11/09/01. http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/livingwith/volcanicpast/places/volcanic_past_long_valey.html. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Mono Basin. National Forest Scenic Area. Inyo National Forest. 11/97. U.S Geological Survey. Long Valley Observatory Website. Mono Lake Area, California. 2004. http://lvo.wr.usgs.gov/Inyoeruptions/inyoflows.html http://lvo.wr.usgs.gov/history.html Wood and Kienle, 1990, Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada: Cambridge University Press, 354p.,p.256-262. http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/volcanoes/nevada/description_nevada.html